Unvaccinated individuals make up the majority of cases
The number of measles cases linked to an outbreak in western Texas has surged to 146, according to new data released Friday by the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS).
Most cases have been reported in unvaccinated individuals or those with unknown vaccination status. Among the confirmed cases, 79 individuals were unvaccinated, and 62 had unknown vaccination histories. Only five cases were identified in individuals who had received a single dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. So far, at least 20 people have been hospitalized.
Children and teens most impacted
Children and teenagers between the ages of 5 and 17 account for the highest number of cases, with 70 confirmed infections. This is followed by 46 cases in children aged 4 and under.
Tragically, one death has been reported—a school-aged child who was unvaccinated. This marks the first measles-related death in the United States in a decade, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Gaines County identified as outbreak epicenter
Gaines County has emerged as the hardest-hit area, with 98 confirmed cases among residents, according to DSHS. Health data reveals a sharp increase in vaccine exemptions in the county over the past decade.
In 2013, approximately 7.5% of kindergarteners in Gaines County had vaccine exemptions. By 2023, that figure had more than doubled to over 17.5%—one of the highest exemption rates in Texas.
National measles cases also on the rise
The CDC has confirmed 93 measles cases in eight states this year, including Alaska, California, Georgia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Rhode Island, and Texas. However, officials note that the total is likely an undercount due to reporting delays at the state level.
The majority of cases nationwide have been reported in unvaccinated individuals or those with unknown vaccination status. Approximately 4% of cases have occurred in individuals who received one dose of the MMR vaccine.
Health officials urge vaccination as measles spreads
Measles is considered one of the most contagious diseases, with the potential for an infected individual to spread the virus to nine out of ten susceptible close contacts, according to the CDC.
Public health experts are strongly advising anyone who has not yet been vaccinated to receive the MMR vaccine. The CDC recommends two doses: the first at 12 to 15 months of age and the second between 4 and 6 years old. One dose is 93% effective, while two doses offer 97% protection. Most vaccinated adults do not require a booster.
Measles was officially declared eliminated in the United States in 2000 due to the success of widespread vaccination efforts. However, declining vaccination rates in recent years have led to a resurgence of the disease. Health officials continue to emphasize the importance of immunization in preventing further outbreaks.
