Scientists Unveil a Terrifying Parasitoid Wasp
In a discovery straight out of a science fiction horror film, researchers in Mississippi have identified a new species of parasitoid wasp that develops inside living adult fruit flies before gruesomely emerging from its host.
Named Syntretus perlmani, this wasp is notably the first of its kind to infect adult fruit flies, diverging from its relatives that typically target the larval and pupal stages of flies.
Groundbreaking research unveiled
The groundbreaking research was spearheaded by Logan Moore during his doctoral studies at Mississippi State University and was published in the prestigious journal Nature on September 11. The researchers stumbled upon this parasitic predator while collecting fruit flies in their backyards, leading to an unexpected and eerie discovery.
The deadly process unveiled
In an interview with Live Science, Moore detailed the macabre lifecycle of the S. perlmani wasp. Female wasps utilize a specialized organ called an ovipositor to inject their eggs directly into the abdomen of adult fruit flies. Over an 18-day period, these eggs morph into wasp larvae that grow within the host, eventually killing the fly as they burst out of its body.
Moore provided a chilling description: “It will effectively emerge out of the side of the fly, and just to add an additional layer of horror, the fly will normally remain alive for several hours after that.”
The discovery occurred in March 2023, when the team was examining fruit flies for parasitic worms and noticed an unusual wasp larva inside one of the flies. Initially dismissed as a one-off anomaly, further investigation revealed more larvae, prompting the team to rear the wasps in a lab and confirm their findings through DNA analysis.
A unique parasitic behavior
What sets S. perlmani apart from other parasitoid wasps is its ability to infect adult fruit flies, rather than their more vulnerable juvenile stages. Typically, insects are more susceptible to infection as larvae or pupae due to their lack of a protective exoskeleton and limited mobility, making this discovery both unique and surprising.
“This is all around us, infecting one of the most well-studied animals on the planet,” Moore remarked. “It just leaves you wondering what else is out there on our doormat right now.”
Widespread presence
The research team found evidence of the wasp across the eastern United States, including Mississippi, Alabama, and North Carolina. Additionally, genetic data revealed the wasp’s presence in Drosophila melanogaster, a commonly studied fruit fly species, suggesting a broader ecological footprint than initially anticipated.
This discovery not only adds a new layer of complexity to the study of parasitoid wasps but also raises questions about what other undiscovered species may be lurking in plain sight.