In a remarkable turn of events, a new virus has been identified in a mouse, courtesy of an observant feline. This discovery, made by researchers at the University of Florida, raises critical questions about the potential for human transmission. The virus, a type of jeilongviruses, has previously been documented in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America, but this is the first confirmed case on American soil.
Discovery by a cat named Pepper
John Lednicky, a research professor at the University of Florida’s College of Public Health and Health Professions, made the discovery after his cat, Pepper, caught a mouse and presented it to him. As reported in the journal Pathogens, initial testing indicated that the virus found in the mouse is genetically distinct from other known jeilongviruses.
“We were not expecting to find a virus of this nature, and the discovery highlights the fact that many unknown viruses circulate in animals living close to humans. If we were to investigate further, we would likely discover many more,” commented co-author Emily DeRuyter.
Jeilongviruses’ family and its risks
Jeilongviruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes the pathogens responsible for human diseases like measles and mumps. Lednicky initially suspected the mouse might carry mule deerpox, a disease-causing skin lesions and inflammation in deer. However, further analysis revealed a novel jeilongvirus that appears to infect cells across various species, raising concerns about its ability to cross the species barrier and potentially infect humans.
“This virus could be a great candidate for a spillover event,” Lednicky stated, indicating the potential risks involved. While there have been no confirmed cases of jeilongviruses causing human diseases to date, similar viruses, such as Nipahvirus, have resulted in fatalities after transmission from bats to humans.
Rare but serious human infections
Emily DeRuyter elaborated on the risks associated with such viruses: “Humans can develop severe to fatal illness if they get infected […] but so far, those types of infections remain rare and typically occur only among people who come into contact with rodent waste, often through airborne exposure to rodent urine or fecal material.” The researchers are keen to explore the capabilities of the Gainesville rodent jeilongvirus further to assess its potential to infect a broader range of species.
As scientists continue to investigate this intriguing discovery, the importance of monitoring animal populations for unknown viruses becomes increasingly clear. For now, Pepper, the cat, remains unaffected by the virus, but the incident serves as a stark reminder of the interconnectedness of animal and human health. In a world where zoonotic diseases pose a constant threat, this discovery underscores the need for vigilance and proactive measures to understand and mitigate risks posed by emerging viruses.