A recent study by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has brought to light serious concerns regarding the safety of tattoo and permanent makeup inks. The investigation found that even sealed bottles of these products, some labelled as sterile, contained millions of potentially harmful bacteria.
Potential health risks
Tattoo inks are injected deep into the skin, providing a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. Linda Katz, director of the FDA’s Office of Cosmetics and Colors, warned that these pathogens can travel from the injection site through the blood and lymphatic systems to other parts of the body. If the bacteria spread systemically, it could result in life-threatening conditions such as endocarditis or septic shock.
Symptoms and risk factors
The study highlighted common symptoms of infections caused by contaminated tattoo ink, including injection-site rashes, impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis. Individuals with multiple or large tattoos face a higher risk due to increased exposure to microorganisms. Additionally, the application of permanent makeup was identified as another factor raising the risk of infection.
High bacterial levels in ink samples
The FDA study tested 75 samples of sealed tattoo and permanent makeup ink from 14 unnamed manufacturers in the United States. The results were concerning: 35% of these samples showed bacterial contamination, with some containing as many as 105,000 bacteria per gram. Earlier studies by the FDA found bacterial counts as high as 100 million per gram in unopened and sealed inks from U.S. manufacturers.
Call for standardized manufacturing processes
Experts are urging for standardized manufacturing processes to ensure the safety of tattoo inks. Infectious disease expert Dr. Robert Schooley emphasized that the bacterial count in tattoo inks should be zero. John Swierk, an assistant professor of chemistry at Binghamton University who has studied tattoo ink contamination, pointed out that contamination in tattoo inks is a common occurrence and stressed the need for industry-wide standards to reduce risks.
Industry response
The tattoo industry is taking steps to address these concerns. Selina Medina, director of research at the Alliance of Professional Tattooists, stated that the industry is collaborating with regulatory bodies to ensure compliance with safety standards. Manufacturers are investing in advanced sterilization technologies and formulation advancements to mitigate contamination risks. Medina also highlighted the importance of transparency with clients, noting that some artists conduct their own testing or require proof of testing from suppliers.
The FDA’s findings underscore the need for ongoing vigilance and improved safety measures in the production and use of tattoo and permanent makeup inks. As the industry responds to these challenges, both manufacturers and artists must prioritize the health and safety of their clients.