Child Marriage in the United States: A Hidden Crisis in a Superpower
While global discussions on child marriage often focus on South Asia and parts of Africa, the issue remains alarmingly prevalent in the United States. Despite being considered a problem confined to less developed regions, child marriage continues to be legal in many states across the US, highlighting the urgent need for reform.
Comparison with global progress
India, a country with a significant history of child marriage, has made notable progress in addressing the issue through stringent laws and enforcement. Child marriage is now a criminal offense in India, carrying severe penalties. In stark contrast, child marriage persists across 37 states in the US, revealing a significant gap in the country’s approach to this human rights issue.
Recent legislative changes and remaining challenges
According to Unchained At Last, an organization dedicated to ending child and forced marriage in the US, child marriage was legal in all 50 states as of 2017. Since then, several states and territories have enacted reforms: Delaware and New Jersey in 2018, American Samoa, the US Virgin Islands, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota in 2020, Rhode Island and New York in 2021, Massachusetts in 2022, and Vermont, Connecticut, and Michigan in 2023. Washington, Virginia, and New Hampshire are expected to follow suit in 2024.
Despite these advances, child marriage remains legal in 37 states, with more than 300,000 children, mostly girls married to adult men, documented since 2000, according to Unchained At Last’s research.
Forced marriage and legal barriers
Unchained At Last’s report underscores the disturbing reality that child marriage in the US often conceals a broader issue of forced marriage. In the US, children under the age of 18 have limited legal rights, making them vulnerable to coercion into marriage and complicating efforts to escape such situations. The legal framework makes it difficult for minors to initiate legal proceedings, such as seeking protective orders or filing for divorce, without a guardian or representative.
Regional disparities in child marriage prevalence
The report highlights significant regional disparities in child marriage rates. Texas leads with the highest number of child marriages (41,774) from 2000 to 2018, followed by California, Florida, Nevada, and North Carolina. Rhode Island recorded the lowest number, with 171 cases. These figures reflect a pressing need for uniform legal reforms across the country to protect vulnerable children from forced and early marriages.
The need for reform and advocacy
The continued legality of child marriage in many US states, coupled with the associated legal and practical challenges faced by minors, underscores the need for comprehensive legislative reform. Advocates argue that addressing this issue requires a concerted effort to align US laws with international standards and protect the rights of all children.