Caffeine is one of the primary ingredients in many pre-workout supplements.
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May increase water retention
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Another popular ingredient in many pre-workout formulas is creatine.
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May trigger mild reactions
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Two additional ingredients in many pre-workout supplements are beta alanine and niacin (vitamin B3).
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May cause digestive upset
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Several ingredients in pre-workout formulas may cause digestive upset.
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May cause headaches
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Citrulline, which is added to some pre-workout supplements, is meant to increase blood flow to your muscles during exercise, resulting in enhanced muscle building.