LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite, was among five CubeSats launched into Earth’s orbit last month, marking a breakthrough in sustainable space exploration. Positioned 400 kilometers above the planet, the satellite reached the International Space Station (ISS) in November 2023 aboard a SpaceX Dragon cargo capsule.
Developed collaboratively by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, LignoSat is crafted from honoki magnolia wood panels, measuring 10 centimeters long. The panels were assembled using a traditional Japanese joinery technique that eliminates the need for screws or glue. The lightweight satellite weighs just 900 grams.
Testing the viability of wood in space
Over its six-month mission, LignoSat will test the performance of wood as a potential material for space exploration. Unlike traditional satellites, which rely on materials like aluminum and titanium, LignoSat offers a renewable alternative. The onboard sensors will monitor how wood responds to extreme space conditions, including temperature fluctuations between -100°C and 100°C every 45 minutes as it transitions from shadow to sunlight.
The satellite will also measure wood’s ability to shield sensitive equipment from geomagnetic fields. Researchers believe these findings could pave the way for using timber in future lunar and Mars missions.
“With timber, a material we can produce ourselves, we will be able to build houses, live, and work in space forever,” Takao Doi, a Kyoto University astronaut and researcher, told Reuters. Kyoto University forest science professor Koji Murata added that wood’s durability in space is enhanced by the absence of water and oxygen, preventing rot or combustion.
A solution to the space debris crisis
Wooden satellites like LignoSat may address the growing issue of space debris—traditional satellites release aluminum oxide particles into the upper atmosphere during re-entry, which can persist for years. In contrast, wooden satellites are designed to fully burn up upon re-entry, leaving no harmful residue behind.
A path forward in eco-friendly space exploration
LignoSat represents a bold step toward reducing the environmental footprint of space missions. Its success could transform the industry by offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional satellite materials, helping mitigate long-term challenges like space debris and resource depletion.