As humanity sets its sights on Mars, the journey to the red planet presents formidable challenges. Traditional spacecraft would demand a significant investment of time and resources, along with overcoming immense technical obstacles such as shielding astronauts from dangerous levels of radiation.
Researchers from Ukraine, however, have presented a groundbreaking alternative: using asteroids as interplanetary “buses” to hitchhike across the solar system. The concept, recently introduced by scientists from the National University of Kyiv, posits that hitching a ride on asteroids may reduce both time and cost in Mars exploration, potentially accelerating human access to our neighboring planet.
Proposal: Leveraging asteroids as planet-hopping vehicles
Researchers AS Kasianchuk and VM Reshetnyk, authors of the study, have delved into the orbits of more than 35,000 near-Earth asteroids to assess the feasibility of using these celestial bodies for interplanetary travel. Their study spans the time frame from 2020 to 2120, focusing on trajectories between Earth and Mars, as well as Earth and Venus.
Kasianchuk and Reshetnyk envision these asteroids as “interplanetary buses,” capable of reducing travel time between planets. “They could prove to be a much faster mode of transport,” the researchers explain. By exploiting the orbital paths of specific asteroids, a trip to Mars could be completed in as little as 180 days, significantly shorter than the three-year round-trip estimate for a traditional spacecraft.
Potential benefits and health implications for astronauts
A journey to Mars, which lies approximately 225 million kilometers from Earth, exposes astronauts to the hazards of prolonged radiation and microgravity. Extended time in microgravity can lead to muscle deterioration, bone density loss, and cardiovascular issues, potentially complicating astronauts’ return to Earth’s gravity. These risks underline the urgency for alternative approaches that can expedite travel time and mitigate health impacts. Utilizing an asteroid for interplanetary travel could offer astronauts some relief from these challenges. Specific asteroids, with natural structures like caves, may serve as makeshift shelters to shield travelers from radiation, providing a safer haven during transit.
Targeted asteroids and NASA’s NEO surveyor mission
The Ukrainian research team has identified 120 viable asteroid candidates that could support routes such as Earth-Mars, Earth-Venus, and even Mars-Venus. By leveraging these selected bodies, the need to develop traditional spacecraft could potentially be bypassed, though technology to protect astronauts from radiation will remain essential.
As more near-Earth objects are discovered, the list of potential asteroid “bus stops” will continue to expand. NASA’s NEO Surveyor mission, which aims to detect over 90 per cent of near-Earth objects larger than 140 meters, is expected to play a vital role in identifying suitable asteroids for interplanetary travel.
Future outlook: Asteroids as refueling stations?
Experts believe these asteroids could serve multiple purposes during space travel, including functioning as fuel depots. “The right asteroid could be extremely useful in the cosmic journey,” scientists suggest. Structures on these asteroids, such as caves, may provide vital shelter, potentially transforming the way humanity approaches space exploration and interplanetary travel.
A pathway to Mars with asteroids as allies
While the proposal is still in its infancy, asteroid hitchhiking offers an imaginative and potentially practical solution to the challenges of human space travel. With ongoing research and support from missions like NASA’s NEO Surveyor, this approach could redefine humanity’s journey to Mars and beyond.