In a remarkable advancement of mathematical understanding, two college students from New Orleans, Louisiana, have expanded their groundbreaking work on Pythagoras’ theorem, developing five new trigonometric proofs for the 2,000-year-old mathematical cornerstone. Their innovative solutions, recently published in the American Mathematical Monthly, challenge long-held beliefs about the theorem’s provability through trigonometry.
Breaking new mathematical ground
Calcea Johnson and Ne’Kiya Jackson, who first made headlines in 2022 for their novel proof of the theorem, have now pushed the boundaries even further. Their latest work presents five direct proofs and reveals a method generating five additional proofs—effectively contributing ten new approaches to understanding the famous a²+b²=c² theory.
A historic achievement
The significance of their work cannot be overstated. Before their research, mathematicians had long considered trigonometric proofs of Pythagoras’ theorem impossible. Only one such proof existed, making their nine new proofs a watershed moment in mathematical history.
“I was pretty surprised to be published. I didn’t think it would go this far,” Jackson remarked in a news release, reflecting on their journey from high school mathematics to published researchers. Her enthusiasm extends beyond personal achievement to the broader implications for STEM education: “It’s very exciting for me, because I know when I was growing up, STEM wasn’t really a cool thing.”
The publication process itself marked another milestone in their academic journey. Della Dumbaugh, the journal’s editor, expressed pride in publishing their work, particularly acknowledging the Editorial Board’s role. Grant Cairns, a board member, helped refine the students’ work for academic presentation, ensuring their groundbreaking discoveries met professional publication standards.
Diverse academic paths
Interestingly, despite their mathematical prowess, both students are pursuing careers in other fields. Jackson studies pharmacy at Xavier University in New Orleans, while Johnson focuses on environmental engineering at Louisiana State University, demonstrating that mathematical genius isn’t limited to mathematics majors.
Beyond the classroom
Their achievement represents more than just mathematical innovation—it symbolizes the changing face of STEM fields and the potential for young minds to challenge established mathematical concepts. As Jackson noted, their success highlights how far STEM education and appreciation have come, potentially inspiring a new generation of young mathematicians.
This breakthrough adds a significant chapter to the long history of Pythagoras’ theorem, proving that even after two millennia, there are still new ways to understand this fundamental mathematical principle. Their work not only advances mathematical knowledge but also demonstrates the continuing relevance of classical mathematical problems in modern education and research.