First cases of diphtheria of the throat have been diagnosed in New South Wales this century. A toddler is in intensive care and a second child has been hospitalized after contracting the disease. Diphtheria is a contagious and potentially deadly bacterial infection. It affects the throat and tonsils in its most severe form, resulting in a greyish-white membrane forming that can make it hard to swallow and breathe.
The North Coast Public Health Unit confirmed the diphtheria case in a two-year-old child in northern NSW on Saturday. On Sunday, a six-year-old described as a “close family contact” was also confirmed to have the infection. The infection can also cause the neck to swell, according to NSW Health. On the other hand, the toxin formed by bacteria can cause inflammation of the heart muscle and nerves.
As reported, there is no ongoing risk to the broader community. However, the families should be alert and review their children’s immunization status, North Coast Public Health director Paul Douglas said.
Status of diphtheria in Australia
“Diphtheria is very rare in Australia due to our longstanding childhood immunization program. However, the disease has very serious outcomes and can be fatal,” he added. The diphtheria vaccination is free and readily available for everyone from six weeks of age.
No other cases of diphtheria of the throat have been reported in NSW this century. But less-serious cases have been reported on rare occasions. They have mainly involved skin infections. Diphtheria was a common cause of death in children up until the 1940s but it now occurs mainly in countries with poor immunization levels, according to NSW Health. The infection is spread through coughing and sneezing. Moreover, it can also spread by contact with contaminated surfaces. (Xanax)