Experts have uncovered a significant connection between walking patterns and the onset of dementia, highlighting a lesser-known symptom that could serve as an early warning sign of cognitive decline. With nearly 6.7 million individuals in the U.S. living with dementia—a syndrome marked by progressive brain deterioration—understanding these physical symptoms is becoming increasingly crucial.
While many are familiar with common early indicators such as memory loss, behavioral changes, and language difficulties, physical symptoms can also manifest in movement. The Alzheimer’s Society notes that individuals in advanced stages of dementia may exhibit slower walking speeds, shuffling, or unsteadiness, which can result in prolonged periods spent seated or in bed. “At this stage, they may walk more slowly, with a shuffle and less steadily – eventually they may spend more time in a chair or in bed,” the charity explains. This decline in mobility significantly heightens the risk of falls, which can lead to severe health complications. The organization warns that “the person’s reduced mobility, in particular, raises their chances of blood clots and infections,” underscoring the need for interventions that support mobility.
Dementia UK has indicated that these walking changes may be particularly indicative of Lewy body dementia, a specific variant of the condition characterized by symptoms such as “slow movement, difficulty walking, shuffling, or appearing rigid.”
Study reveals gait changes may indicate cognitive decline
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open has raised alarms about how a decrease in walking pace could serve as an early indicator of dementia long before a formal diagnosis is made. This extensive research tracked 17,000 individuals aged 75 and older and found that those whose walking speed declined by 0.05 meters per second annually also exhibited signs of cognitive deterioration. Researchers suggest this correlation may arise from cognitive decline affecting motor control areas within the brain.
Over seven years, participants underwent biennial assessments measuring both their walking speeds and cognitive abilities. Those exhibiting simultaneous declines in these areas were identified as having an elevated risk for dementia. The study’s authors emphasized, “These results highlight the importance of gait in dementia risk assessment.” They further noted that “dual decline in gait speed and memory measure may be the best combination to assess future decline.”
The NHS has outlined several early symptoms of dementia and encourages anyone noticing these signs to consult a healthcare professional. As researchers continue to explore the intricate relationship between gait and cognitive health, identifying changes in walking patterns could become a vital tool for early diagnosis and intervention strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.
