Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens is mourning the loss of three of its beloved apes, who succumbed to a highly infectious bacterial disease over the past week. The tragic deaths have raised concerns about the spread of the disease among primates and the measures being taken to protect the remaining animals.
The first to pass was Bulera, a 35-year-old female lowland gorilla, who died from shigellosis—a severe bacterial infection known to cause gastrointestinal distress, including diarrhoea, cramping, vomiting, and dehydration.
The zoo announced her death on social media on August 22. Shortly after, the zoo lost two bonobo brothers, Jumanji and Jenga, to the same infection. The deaths of these animals, described as “sweet and gentle souls,” have left a profound void at the Jacksonville, Florida, zoo.
Cause and containment of the infection
The source of the shigellosis outbreak remains unknown. The zoo speculates that the infection may have been introduced by an asymptomatic ape that began shedding the bacteria for reasons yet to be determined.
Although it is possible an asymptomatic staff member could have transmitted the bacteria, the zoo considers this scenario to be highly unlikely. Shigella bacteria are typically spread among primates through faecal contamination of food and water.
The infection can also affect humans, causing similar symptoms, though these usually resolve without the need for antibiotic treatment, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Zoo’s response and ongoing treatment
Despite the tragic losses, Jacksonville Zoo officials have reassured the public that there is no threat to zoo visitors. During a news conference, Tracy Fenn, the zoo’s curator of mammals, emphasized that the zoo remains a safe place to visit. Fenn also revealed that all three deceased animals had pre-existing heart conditions, which likely made them more vulnerable to the infection.
Several other primates in the zoo’s Primate Forest exhibit are exhibiting symptoms of shigellosis. These animals are undergoing treatment, which includes administering fluids, antibiotics, and electrolytes. Some may require intravenous treatment under sedation to manage their symptoms. The affected animals are being kept isolated from those not showing symptoms to prevent further spread of the infection.
Remembering the deceased apes
Bulera, born in 1989 at Lincoln Park Zoo, joined Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens in 2009 with her daughter, Madini. Known for her nurturing nature, Bulera gave birth to a son in 2015 and became a foster mother to an infant gorilla whose biological mother could not raise her. Jumanji, a bonobo born at San Diego Zoo Safari Park, moved to Jacksonville in 2008. He was a steadfast companion to his younger brother Jenga, especially after their mother’s death in 2018.
Jenga, who was the first bonobo born at Jacksonville Zoo, was known for his playful antics and mischievous personality. Bonobos, native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, are similar to chimpanzees but are distinguished by their smaller frame, shorter clavicle, and smaller molars. Female bonobos typically lead their groups, with males remaining close to their mothers for life, relying on them for protection and social standing.
Ongoing efforts and public support
As the zoo navigates this challenging period, CEO and President Jeff Ettling expressed the deep sorrow felt by the staff: “Our hearts are heavy as we navigate this difficult time and we are feeling the weight of grief as we continue to care for the rest of our animals.”
To aid in the ongoing care of the infected apes, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens has established a fund for public donations. The support from the community will help the facility provide the necessary treatment and care for the affected animals as they work to contain the outbreak and protect the remaining primates. The loss of Bulera, Jumanji, and Jenga is a somber reminder of the challenges zoos face in safeguarding their animals’ health. As the Jacksonville Zoo continues to treat the infected apes and investigate the source of the outbreak, the focus remains on preventing further loss and ensuring the well-being of all its residents.